Table 2 Two-way fixed-effects ordered logistic regression analysis on public satisfaction with the health system

Provider competence

 Very bad (ref.)

1.00

1.00

 Bad

1.03 (0.83–1.27)

1.16 (0.98–1.38)

 Fair

1.17 (0.95–1.44)

1.26 (1.07–1.48)

 Good

1.27 (1.03–1.56)

1.37 (1.16–1.61)

 Very good

1.36 (1.09–1.69)

1.30 (1.09–1.55)

Provider structural quality

 Very unsatisfied (ref.)

1.00

1.00

 Unsatisfied

1.23 (0.98–1.54)

1.15 (0.93–1.41)

 Fair

1.44 (1.15–1.79)

1.26 (1.03–1.54)

 Satisfied

1.63 (1.31–2.03)

1.47 (1.20–1.80)

 Very satisfied

1.87 (1.48–2.36)

1.50 (1.21–1.86)

Age group

 16–29 (ref.)

1.00

1.00

 30–39

1.03 (0.93–1.15)

0.90 (0.80–1.00)

 40–49

0.91 (0.77–1.07)

0.86 (0.74–1.01)

 50–59

0.83 (0.68–1.01)

0.82 (0.68–1.00)

 ≥ 60

0.90 (0.71–1.14)

0.84 (0.67–1.05)

Sex

 Female (ref.)

1.00

1.00

 Male

1.52 (0.84–2.74)

0.65 (0.36–1.16)

Educational attainment

 Illiterate/semi-literate (ref.)

1.00

1.00

 Elementary school

1.05 (0.74–1.50)

0.92 (0.74–1.15)

 Middle school

0.91 (0.63–1.33)

0.84 (0.65–1.10)

 High school

0.87 (0.59–1.29)

0.76 (0.57–1.01)

 More than 3 years of college

0.95 (0.63–1.44)

0.69 (0.49–0.95)

Marital status

 Other (ref.)

1.00

1.00

 Married

0.90 (0.81–1.00)

1.01 (0.91–1.12)

 Personal income (10 000 yuan)

0.99 (0.99–1.00)

1.01 (1.00–1.03)

Employment status

 Other (ref.)

1.00

1.00

 Employed

0.96 (0.91–1.02)

0.99 (0.95–1.04)

Medical insurance coverage

 No (ref.)

1.00

1.00

 Yes

1.09 (1.02–1.17)

1.07 (1.00–1.15)

Locations of respondents

 Northeast region (ref.)

1.00

1.00

 East region

0.69 (0.43–1.08)

0.53 (0.24–1.21)

 Central region

1.07 (0.66–1.74)

0.78 (0.33–1.83)

 West region

0.55 (0.33–0.91)

0.76 (0.33–1.72)

Self-rated health status

 Poor (ref.)

1.00

1.00

 Fair

1.10 (1.01–1.19)

1.03 (0.96–1.10)

 Good

1.11 (1.03–1.20)

0.98 (0.92–1.04)

Chronic conditions

 No (ref.)

1.00

1.00

 Yes

0.95 (0.89–1.00)

1.00 (0.95–1.06)

Hospitalization history

 No (ref.)

1.00

1.00

 Yes

1.13 (1.06–1.20)

1.09 (1.03–1.15)

Density of hospital beds (per 1000 population)^*

1.00 (0.99–1.00)

1.00 (0.99–1.01)

Density of medical professionals (per 1000 population)^**

1.00 (1.00–1.01)

1.01 (1.00–1.02)

Year

 2012 (ref.)

1.00

1.00

 2014

0.58 (0.55–0.61)

0.60 (0.57–0.63)

 2016

0.80 (0.74–0.86)

0.72 (0.68–0.78)

 2018

0.43 (0.40–0.47)

0.42 (0.38–0.47)

 2020

0.68 (0.61–0.75)

0.57 (0.50–0.65)

 Observations

59 785

64 931