Public satisfaction with health system after healthcare reform in China

Kang, Lili; Zhang, Tianyi; Xian, Bensong; Li, Changle; Khan, M. Mahmud

doi:10.1186/s12961-023-01067-6

Health Research Policy and Systems

Table 1 Description of the variables over five waves (mean or %)

From: Public satisfaction with health system after healthcare reform in China

	2012	2014	2016	2018	2020
	N = 30 968	N = 30 994	N = 31 866	N = 29 851	N = 22 164
Public satisfaction with health system (mean)	4.45	3.73	4.03	3.34	3.76
Provider competence (%)
Very bad	0.83	0.87	1.07	1.83	1.74
Bad	5.49	4.79	4.71	10.29	8.62
Fair	56.39	57.45	56.94	33.59	26.40
Good	30.83	28.55	28.16	44.23	48.90
Very good	6.46	8.33	9.13	10.07	14.33
Provider structural quality (%)
Very unsatisfied	0.55	0.62	0.69	1.53	1.31
Unsatisfied	5.90	5.10	5.66	8.46	6.48
Fair	40.42	43.71	40.91	22.94	14.67
Satisfied	49.43	45.47	47.65	59.30	67.76
Very satisfied	3.70	5.10	5.09	7.77	9.78
Age group (%)
16–29	21.86	21.42	22.29	19.83	20.42
30–39	15.93	14.82	15.76	16.64	20.42
40–49	22.91	21.59	19.45	17.91	16.90
50–59	18.01	18.49	18.25	19.68	20.46
≥ 60	21.29	23.69	24.24	25.95	21.81
Sex
Male	49.20	49.10	49.92	49.60	50.21
Female	50.80	50.90	50.08	50.40	49.79
Educational attainment (%)
Illiterate/semi-literate	28.66	27.08	25.04	22.65	17.52
Elementary school	21.37	21.63	20.69	19.23	18.60
Middle school	28.49	28.89	28.97	29.74	31.34
High school	13.89	14.26	14.69	16.41	17.38
More than 3 years of college	7.59	8.13	10.62	11.98	15.16
Marital status (%)
Married	79.68	79.45	78.37	78.46	76.85
Other	20.32	20.55	21.63	21.54	23.15
Place of residence (%)
Urban areas	45.22	47.81	49.17	50.55	51.52
Rural areas	54.78	52.19	50.83	49.45	48.48
Personal income (10 000 RMB) (mean)*	2.37	2.88	3.51	4.00	4.70
Employment status (%)
Employed	62.06	65.96	65.38	66.29	66.65
Other	37.94	34.04	34.62	33.71	33.35
Medical insurance coverage (%)
Yes	87.12	91.05	91.07	91.75	90.28
No	12.88	8.95	8.93	8.25	9.72
Locations of respondents (%)
Northeast region	14.22	14.33	13.53	13.10	12.89
East region	32.62	33.06	32.48	32.77	33.04
Central region	24.99	25.41	24.57	23.69	24.15
West region	28.16	27.20	29.43	30.44	29.92
Self-rated health status (%)
Poor	18.00	15.39	14.98	16.29	13.73
Fair	18.69	14.24	17.55	13.06	10.01
Good	63.31	70.37	67.47	70.65	76.26
Chronic conditions (%)
Yes	12.40	16.64	16.31	16.70	14.70
No	87.60	83.36	83.69	83.30	85.30
Hospitalization (%)
Yes	9.06	11.29	11.66	13.07	9.79
No	90.94	88.71	88.34	86.93	90.21
Density of hospital beds in urban areas (per 1000 population) (mean)	72.13	80.77	86.07	91.24	94.40
Density of hospital beds in rural areas (per 1000 population) (mean)	31.74	35.31	39.12	45.19	48.71
Density of medical professionals in urban areas (per 1000 population) (mean)	85.17	96.94	103.84	109.60	118.10
Density of medical professionals in rural areas (per 1000 population) (mean)	36.48	39.26	42.55	47.42	52.52

*RMB: 10 000 Chinese Renminbi, about US$ 1500 and minimum value excluding zero

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ISSN: 1478-4505

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