Table 1 Timeline of key COVID-19 treatment guidelines
Milestone date | Medication | Type |
|---|---|---|
4 March 2020 | Hydroxychloroquine publication: suggesting theoretical benefit | Publication [7] |
24 March 2020 | Hydroxychloroquine publication: questioning potential for harm | Publication [40] |
28 March 2020 | Hydroxychloroquine: FDA EUA | EUA [43] |
28 March 2020 | Tocilizumab: publication of case series | Preprint/Twitter [44] |
16 April 2020 | Chloroquine: preprint of clinical data suggesting harm | Preprint [14] |
21 April 2020 | Hydroxychloroquine: NIH treatment guidelines recommend against use in combination with azithromycin | Guidelines [45] |
27 April 2020 | Sarilumab: press release dropping low-dose arm due to potential harm | Press release [25] |
29 April 2020 | Remdesivir: press release of ACCT-1 study results | Press release [46] |
1 May 2020 | Remdesivir: FDA EUA | |
12 May 2020 | Dexamethasone: NIH treatment guidelines recommend against use of corticosteroids except in acute respiratory distress syndrome | Guidelines |
12 May 2020 | Hydroxychloroquine: NIH treatment guidelines recommend against use | Guidelines |
22 May 2020 | Hydroxychloroquine: publication of Surgisphere data in Lancet (later retracted) | |
12 May 2020 | Remdesivir: NIH treatment guidelines recommend use in patients with severe disease | Guidelines |
22 May 2020 | Remdesivir: publication in New England Journal of Medicine | Publication [17] |
5 June 2020 | Hydroxychloroquine: press release stating initial results from RECOVERY trial failed to demonstrate a benefit | Press release [47] |
16 June 2020 | Dexamethasone: press release stating preliminary results of recovery trial demonstrate benefit | Press release [48] |
22 June 2020 | Dexamethasone: RECOVERY preprint posted | Preprint [18] |
25 June 2020 | Dexamethasone: NIH treatment guidelines recommend use in severe disease | Guidelines |
29 June 2020 | Baricitinib: pilot study published in Clinical Infectious Diseases demonstrating possible benefit | Publication [31] |
17 July 2020 | Dexamethasone: Publication of RECOVERY Results in the New England Journal of Medicine | Publication [49] |
29 July 2020 | Tocilizumab: results of COVACTA released with no evidence of benefit | Press release [24] |
27 August 2020 | Tocilizumab: NIH treatment guidelines recommend against use | Guidelines |
14 September 2020 | Baricitinib: early results of trial released via press release demonstrating modest reduction in hospital length of stay | Press release [29] |
8 October 2020 | Hydroxychloroquine: results of RECOVERY trial published demonstrating no benefit | Publication [50] |
15 October 2020 | Remdesivir: results of WHO study released demonstrating no benefit | Preprint [51] |
21 October 2020 | Tocilizumab: results of clinical trial published demonstrating no benefit | |
19 November 2020 | Baricitinib: FDA EUA | EUA [53] |
11 December 2020 | Baricitinib: ACCT-2 study results published in New England Journal of Medicine | Publication [28] |
14 December 2020 | Baricitinib: NIH treatment guidelines recommends limited use in limited populations | Guidelines |
7 January 2021 | Tocilizumab: REMAP-CAP trial preprint demonstrating a benefit in combination with dexamethasone | Preprint [26] |
11 February 2021 | Tocilizumab: RECOVERY preprint posted demonstrating a benefit in combination with dexamethasone | Preprint [27] |
5 March 2021 | Tocilizumab: NIH treatment guidelines recommend for use in ICU patients | Guidelines |
3 May 2021 | Baricitinib: COV-BARRIER preprint posted demonstrating a benefit in combination with dexamethasone | Preprint [30] |
27 May 2021 | Baricitinib: NIH treatment guidelines recommend use for patients with severe disease in combination with dexamethasone | Guidelines |
23 May 2022 | Baricitinib: publication in Lancet Respiratory Medicine demonstrating a benefit of baricitinib over dexamethasone | Publication [32] |