Table 4 Logistic regression models predicting the determinants of CHE and financial distress among households with people ≥ 60 years of age, Viet Nam
Variable | CHE (WHO’s definition) N = 1477 | Financial distress N = 1471 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P | |
Household size | 0.18 (0.12–0.27) | 0.000 | 0.89 (0.81–0.99) | 0.024 |
Head of household’s occupational status | NA | NA | ||
Unemployed | Ref. | |||
Employed | 0.70 (0.47–1.04) | 0.079 | ||
Pensioner | 0.27 (0.17–0.44) | 0.000 | ||
Wealth level (quintile) | NA | NA | ||
Poorest | Ref. | |||
Poor | 3.79 (1.86–7.70) | 0.000 | ||
Middle | 7.89 (3.79–16.4) | 0.000 | ||
Rich | 2.11 (0.92–4.86) | 0.070 | ||
Richest | 2.84 (1.27–6.30) | 0.010 | ||
Older household members’ comorbidities | ||||
No NCD | Ref. | Ref. | ||
1 NCD | 5.16 (2.27–11.7) | 0.000 | 4.75 (2.00–11.3) | 0.000 |
≥ 2 NCDs | 7.05 (3.11–16.0) | 0.000 | 4.72 (1.92–11.6) | 0.001 |
Mean no. outpatient visits by key older household members in the last month | ||||
Primary healthcare facilities | NA | NA | 1.55 (1.26–1.89) | 0.000 |
Tertiary health facilities | NA | NA | 1.39 (1.13–1.70) | 0.002 |
Private health facilities | 2.13 (1.44–3.18) | 0.000 | 1.47 (1.09–1.98) | 0.012 |
Mean no. inpatient admissions for key older household members in the 12 months | ||||
District hospitals | NA | NA | 1.72 (1.27–2.34) | 0.000 |
Tertiary hospitals | 1.34 (1.06–1.70) | 0.015 | 1.54 (1.27–1.87) | 0.000 |
Urban versus rural | NA | NA | ||
Urban | Ref. | |||
Rural | 2.06 (1.27–3.39) | 0.004 | ||
Province | ||||
Tien Giang | Ref. | Ref. | – | |
Thanh Hoa | 5.05 (2.10–12.2) | 0.000 | 1.51 (0.95–2.41) | 0.085 |
Yen Bai | 13.7 (5.77–32.4) | 0.000 | 2.00 (1.27–3.17) | 0.003 |
Results of goodness-of-fit tests Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test Area under ROC curve | χ2 = 5.04, df = 10, P = 0.7536 0.9115 | χ2 = 6.39, df = 8, P = 0.6041 0.7831 | ||