Table 4 Exploration phase—activities and domains for the development of the Better Hearts Better Cities initiative in São Paulo, Brazil
From: Deconstructing design thinking as a tool for the implementation of a population health initiative
Process phase | No. | Activity | When | Main actors (who enacted the strategy) | Dose/input (time required to develop/implement or activity frequency) | Target (of action; unit of analysis) | Actions (brief) | Purpose (brief) | Expectation/outcome (brief) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Co-creation | 30 | Co-creation workshops | May 2018 | Tellus team | 6 workshops, approximately 2Â hours each | Clinic managers (6 pilot sites) Primary healthcare workers (nurses, physicians, CHA, pharmacists and auxiliary staff) | Guided workshops to take deep dive into problems, think about solutions, and prioritize | Engaging key users and building solution champions; staying user-centred and continuing active engagement | To build understanding of purpose and develop a set of innovation skills and realistic solutions to agreed problems through shared experiential learning |
31 | Co-creation workshops | May 2018 | Tellus team | 4 workshops, about 2Â hours each | HTN patients in primary care clinics (study site units) | As above | Staying user-centred | As above | |
32 | Systematization of solutions | May 2018 | Tellus Team | 40 hours | Solutions generated in co-creation workshops – Clinic managers – Primary healthcare workers – Pharmacists – HTN patients | Collate ideas and solutions articulated in co-creation workshops | Improve structure of solutions for selection ranking | To refine the ideas based on all the information collected in the co-creation workshops | |
33 | Solution discussion, prioritization and selection leading to prototypes | Jun 2018 | Tellus Team | 5 meetings over 1 month | Final review and agreement on interventions: – NF (funders) – City Hall (local government) | Solution matrix, final decision-making, implementation plan and pilot prototypes | Transparent and comprehensive engagement with key decision-makers | To select ideas/solutions to move forward with according to established criteria | |
34 | Co-creation workshops | Aug 2018 | Tellus team | 4 workshops, approximately 4Â hours each | Pharmacists from primary care clinics (all SĂŁo Paulo) | As in #30 | Staying user-centred and broadening solution horizon (city-wide) | To engage with a wider group of stakeholders using co-creative techniques to further adapt solutions to fit within a broader context |